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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536037

ABSTRACT

Introducción: múltiples agentes quimioterapéuticos que se usan comúnmente pueden causar síndrome de Fanconi (SF) completo o parcial. El SF es una tubulopatía proximal que produce alteraciones electrolíticas y ácido-básicas, donde se evidencia pérdida de glucosa, aminoácidos, calcio, fósforo, potasio, ácido úrico y se produce acidosis metabólica por pérdida de bicarbonato. El SF usualmente no es reportado y muchas veces no se realiza el diagnóstico. Objetivo: resaltar la importancia del monitoreo urinario y sérico en pacientes que estén sometidos a quimioterapia, así como describir la literatura reciente acerca de la asociación entre agentes quimioterapéuticos y síndrome de Fanconi parcial o completo. Presentación de los casos: se presenta una serie de casos de pacientes pediátricos oncológicos con función renal preservada, donde se produjeron diferentes manifestaciones de nefrotoxicidad tubular proximal secundaria a agentes quimioterapéuticos como antimetabolitos, agentes alquilantes y antraciclinas. Discusión y conclusión: el espectro del SF puede ir de una tubulopatía proximal generalizada o completa a alteraciones parciales en la reabsorción de electrolitos. Se debe reconocer la importancia del monitoreo sérico y urinario en pacientes con lesiones tumorales que van a ser sometidos a quimioterapias con agentes potencialmente nefrotóxicos; asimismo, tener en cuenta la dosis, la frecuencia y la combinación de agentes quimioterapéuticos, con el fin de prevenir y tratar complicaciones de toxicidad renal, incluyendo SF completo o parcial.


Introduction: Several commonly used chemotherapeutic agents can cause complete or partial Fanconi syndrome (FS). FS is a proximal tubulopathy that produces electrolyte and acid base disorders where there is loss of glucose, amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, uric acid and metabolic acidosis occurs due to loss of bicarbonate. FS is not usually reported, and the diagnosis is often misled. Purpose: To highlight the importance of urinary and serum monitoring in patients undergoing chemotherapy, as well as describe the recent literature about the association between chemotherapeutic agents and partial or complete Fanconi syndrome. Case presentation: A series of cases of pediatric oncology patients with preserved renal function is presented in which different manifestations of proximal tubular nephrotoxicity occurred secondary to chemotherapeutic agents such as antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and anthracyclines. Discussion and conclusion: The spectrum of FS can range from a generalized or complete proximal tubulopathy to partial alterations in electrolyte reabsorption. The importance of serum and urinary monitoring should be recognized in patients with tumor lesions who will undergo chemotherapies with potentially nephrotoxic agents; the dosage, frequency and combination of chemotherapeutic agents should be taken into account, in order to prevent and treat the complications of renal toxicity including complete or partial SF.

2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 37(1): 8-10, ene.-feb. 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888437

ABSTRACT

Abstracts We report the case of a patient presenting with multiple severe electrolyte disturbances who was subsequently found to have small cell lung cancer. Upon further evaluation, she demonstrated three distinct paraneoplastic processes, including the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, Fanconi syndrome, and an inappropriate elevation in fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). The patient underwent one round of chemotherapy, but she was found to have progressive disease. After 36 days of hospitalization, the patient made the decision to enter hospice care and later she expired.


Resumen Se reporta el caso de una paciente que ingresó al hospital para evaluación de múltiples trastornos electrolíticos y, posteriormente, se le hizo el diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas. Tras la evaluación médica, se detectaron tres síndromes paraneoplásicos: síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética, síndrome de Fanconi y elevación inapropiada del factor 23 de crecimiento de fibroblastos. Se le administró quimioterapia sin éxito, por lo cual se decidió darle tratamiento paliativo y, un tiempo después, falleció.


Subject(s)
Humans , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/etiology , Protein Precursors/physiology , Neurophysins/physiology , Vasopressins/physiology , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/complications , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Protein Precursors/genetics , Protein Precursors/chemistry , Neurophysins/genetics , Neurophysins/chemistry , Vasopressins/genetics , Vasopressins/chemistry , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology , Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 , Lung Neoplasms/pathology
3.
ABCS health sci ; 41(1): 55-60, jan.-abr. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-782293

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A coinfecção vírus da Hepatite B-vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV-HBV) é comum e o Tenofovir (TDF) é droga de eleição porque age contra os dois vírus ao mesmo tempo. Porém, em cerca de 1% dos casos pode induzir Síndrome de Fanconi (SF), levando à insuficiência renal. RELATO DE CASO: Em um homem coinfectado HIV-HBV, com a replicação do HIV controlada, o vírus da Hepatite B foi resistente a todos os fármacos disponíveis, exceto ao TDF. Vinte e dois meses após tratamento antirretroviral composto com esse medicamento, o qual controlou a replicação dos dois vírus ao mesmo tempo, desenvolveu insuficiência renal com perda de solutos reabsorvíveis em túbulo contornado proximal, diagnosticada como SF induzida por TDF. Diante do dilema de suspender o TDF para preservar o rim e permitir a replicação do HBV, ou manter o TDF para preservar o fígado e aceitar a degeneração renal, optou-se por balancear o tratamento segundo o melhor equilíbrio possível entre a replicação do HBV e a preservação do rim, ajustando-se a posologia dos medicamentos de acordo com os indicadores clínicos e laboratoriais do risco hepático e do funcionamento renal. CONCLUSÃO: A única possibilidade terapêutica disponível atualmente para pessoas coinfectadas HIV-HBV multirresistente que desenvolvem insuficiência renal por TDF consiste no ajuste da dose do TDF segundo o clearance de creatinina, no tratamento sintomático, na reposição de perdas urinárias com repercussão metabólica e no monitoramento clínico e laboratorial da infecção pelo HIV, da Hepatite B, da insuficiência renal e da remodelação óssea.


INTRODUCTION: HIV-HBV coinfection is common and Tenofovir (TDF) is the drug of choice because it acts against both viruses at the same time. However, about 1% of cases can induce Fanconi Syndrome, leading to kidney failure. CASE REPORT: On an HIV-HBV co-infected man, with controlled HIV replication, Hepatitis B virus was resistant to all available drugs, except TDF. Twenty-two months after antiretroviral treatment compound with that drug, which controlled both viruses? replication at the same time, he developed renal insufficiency with loss of absorbable solutes at proximal convoluted tubule, diagnosed as Fanconi Syndrome induced by TDF. Facing the dilemma of suspending the TDF for preserving the kidney and to allow the replication of the HBV, or to keep the TDF for preserving the liver and to accept the renal degeneration, we chose to balance the treatment according to the best possible equilibrium between HBV replication and kidney preservation, adjusting the posology of medications according to clinical and laboratorial indicators of liver risk and renal function. CONCLUSION: The only therapeutic option currently available to coinfected people by HIV-HBV who develop renal failure by the TDF consists on adjustment of the dose of the TDF according creatinine clearance, symptomatic treatment, replacement ofurinary losses which have metabolic impact, and clinical and laboratory monitoring of the HIV infection, Hepatitis B, Renal insufficiency and Bone remodeling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , HIV , Hepatitis B , HIV Infections , Renal Insufficiency , Fanconi Syndrome , Tenofovir
4.
J. bras. nefrol ; 37(3): 385-398, July-Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-760428

ABSTRACT

ResumoNesta revisão, descrevemos a função tubular de cada segmento do néfron seguida das descrições das principais alterações moleculares que possam ocorrer nos transportadores expressos nestes locais. Assim, o conhecimento das modificações na função tubular renal permite o entendimento e o reconhecimento clínico das doenças tubulares renais que podem causar a morte fetal, neonatal ou infantil. Além disso, as crianças com tubulopatias podem evoluir para doença renal crônica terminal numa fase precoce da vida e também podem apresentar distúrbios do crescimento e do desenvolvimento acompanhados ou não de alterações neurológicas. Então, nós utilizamos o unitermo "inherited tubular disorders" a fim de selecionar na base de dados do PubMed os estudos publicados desde 2006. Esperamos que a leitura desta revisão auxilie no rápido diagnóstico dos pacientes com tubulopatias, o que poderá permitir o tratamento especializado e a possível melhora do prognóstico e qualidade de vida destes indivíduos.


AbstractIn this review, we described the tubular function of each nephron segment followed by the most important changes that may occur in the transporters expressed therein. Thus, knowledge of the changes in renal tubular function allows the understanding and recognition of renal tubular diseases that can cause stillbirth or death in newborns or in childhood. Moreover, children with tubular disorders may progress to chronic renal disease at an early stage of life and they may also show disturbances of growth and development associate or not with neurological dysfunction. Therefore, we used the keyword "inherited tubular disorders" to select the children studies that have been published in the PubMed database since 2006. We hope that this review may help physicians to perform an early diagnosis in patients with tubular disorders allowing a specialized treatment and an improvement in their prognosis and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Kidney Tubules , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/physiopathology , Kidney Diseases/genetics
5.
J. bras. nefrol ; 32(2): 216-222, abr.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-551681

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de Lowe, ou distrofia oculocerebrorrenal (OCRL), tem herança recessiva ligada ao cromossomo X. Apresenta-se com catarata, glaucoma, atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM), déficit cognitivo e síndrome de Fanconi. OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução de cinco pacientes pediátricos atendidos no ambulatório de tubulopatias do Departamento de Nefrologia Pediátrica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina Unifesp (Unifesp-EPM). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de cinco pacientes masculinos atendidos no ambulatório de tubulopatias. RESULTADOS: A média de idade na primeira consulta foi de 76,5 meses; o tempo médio de acompanhamento, de 30,5 meses (mínimo de 8 meses e máximo de 53 meses). Os sintomas e os sinais clínicos incluíram catarata e nistagmo. Atraso no DNPM e déficit de peso e de estatura estiveram presentes em todos os casos, bem como poliúria, polidipsia, constipação, acidose metabólica, fosfatúria, bicarbonatúria, proteinúria, hipercalciúria e hiperuricosúria. Nefrocalcinose foi identificada em um paciente; litíase renal, em três; e redução do tamanho renal, em dois. Fraturas patológicas e raquitismo foram observados em dois pacientes; rarefação óssea e atraso na idade óssea, em todos os pacientes. Um deles apresentou redução no ritmo de filtração glomerular. Terapeuticamente, todos receberam álcalis, fósforo e reposição com vitamina D, além de orientação dietética para suas necessidades. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo preconiza a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce e do acompanhamento médico e nutricional desses pacientes para evitar complicações relacionadas com distúrbios metabólicos.


INTRODUCTION: Lowe Syndrome, or Oculocerebrorenal Dystrophy (OCRL), has a recessive inheritance linked to X chromosome. It presents cataracts and glaucoma, delay in neuropsychomotor development, cognitive deficits, and renal Fanconi syndrome. OBJECTIVE: Describe five patients with OCRL, attended at Tubulopathy outpatient clinic. METHOD: We performed a retrospective assessment of 5 male patient clinical charts of OCRL patients. RESULTS: Mean age at first consultation was 76.5 and mean follow up interval was 30.5 months (8-53 months). Symptoms and clinical signs included cataracts and nystagmus. Neuropsychomotor development and weight and height deficits were present in whole cases, as well as polyuria, polydipsia, and intestinal constipation, metabolic acidosis, phosphaturia, bicarbonaturia, proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria. Nephrocalcinosis was identified in one, renal lithiasis in three, and reduced kidney size in two patients. We found pathological fractures and rachitism in two, bone rarefaction and delay of bone age in all of the patients. One patient presented a reduction in the rhythm of glomerular filtration. Therapeutically, all patients received alkali, phosphorus and vitamin D reposition in addition to a dietary orientation adequate to their needs. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and medico-nutritional followup, to avoid complications related to metabolic disturbances.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Male , Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome , Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome/diagnosis
6.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 66(2): 171-177, mar.-abr. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701082

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El síndrome de Fanconi-Bickel (SFB) se caracteriza por hepatomegalia, con acumulación de glucógeno en hígado y riñones, glucosuria, aminoaciduria y fosfaturia; fue descrito en 1949 y catalogado como glucogenosis XI. Es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva, y se han detectado 34 mutaciones en el gen del GLUT2. Caso clínico. Niño de 4 años 3 meses de edad, hospitalizado por retardo psicomotor y falla de medro desde los 6 meses de edad, con rosario raquítico, hepatomegalia, elevación de aminotransferasas y fosfatasa alcalina en sangre, hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigiliceridemia, glucosuria, aminoaciduria y fosfaturia. Las radiografías de huesos largos mostraron ensanchamiento metafisiario y pobre mineralización ósea. La biopsia hepática mostró arquitectura conservada, congestión sinusoidal, y reacción de PAS positiva intensa, que desaparece con la diastasa; la microscopia electrónica demostró abundante glucógeno de distribución normal. Conclusión. Este es el cuarto caso reportado en México de SFB. Los signos clínicos típicos se detectaron en el segundo año de vida. La glucogenosis se considera ahora un epifenómeno en el SFB por defecto del transportador GLUT2 de glucosa y galactosa. El paciente de este informe respondió adecuadamente al manejo nutricional. La acumulación excesiva de glucógeno en el hígado no es un elemento sine qua non para el diagnóstico.


Introduction. Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is characterized by hepatomegaly due to glycogen hepatic storage, renal glycogen accumulation, glycosuria, aminoaciduria and phosphaturia. It was first described in 1949 and classified as a glycogen storage disease XI. This is an autosomic recessive disorder for which 34 mutations in the gene coding for glucose and galactose transporter (GLUT2) have been reported. Case report. A 4-year and 3-month old child was admitted in the hospital with development delay, failure to thrive since 6 months of age, rachitic rosary, hepatomegaly, hypertransaminasemia, high serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides, glycosuria, aminoaciduria and phosphaturia. Metaphyseal enlargement and signs of osteopenia were seen on radiographic studies. Liver biopsy showed normal parenchyma architecture with sinusoidal congestion, diastase-sensitive intense PAS-positive reaction. Electronic microscopy showed large glycogen deposits with normal distribution. Conclusion. This is the 4th case detected in Mexico, with typical signs of FBS detected during the second year of life. The patient responded well to diet therapy. Glycogen storage in FBS is currently considered an epiphenomenon due to dysfunction in the glucose and galactose membrane transporter GLUT2. Massive hepatic glycogen storage is not a sine qua non element for the diagnosis of FBS.

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